2008年2月23日星期六

Types of Triangulation

Types of Triangulation

Denzin (1978) identified four basic types of triangulation:

* Data triangulation: involves time, space, and persons
* Investigator triangulation: involves multiple researchers in an investigation
* Theory triangulation: involves using more than one theoretical scheme in the interpretation of the phenomenon
* Methodological triangulation: involves using more than one method to gather data.

[edit] Sources

* Altrichter, H., Posch, P. & Somekh, B. (1996) Teachers investigate their work; An introduction to the methods of action research. London: Routledge.
* Bogdan, R. C. & Biklen, S. K. (1992). Qualitative research in education: An introduction to theory and methods (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
* Cohen, L., & Manion, L. (1986). Research methods in education. London: Croom Helm.
* Denzin, N. (1978) Sociological Methods: A Sourcebook, NY: McGraw Hill, 2nd ed.